Summers are short and cool with long days. The island of Newfoundland features diverse topography. In general, the rainfall on Canada’s east coast is less than that on the west coast because the prevailing wind is offshore. The east and west coasts are areas of lighter snowfall because the ocean usually makes the air too warm for large quantities of snow to fall. The highest temperature recorded was 113 °F (45 °C) at Midale and Yellow Grass, both in Saskatchewan, in 1937. Vancouver has an annual average precipitation of about 40 inches (1,000 mm). Fens and bogs have alder, willow and larch (tamarack) in addition to the conifer species. Mean winter temperatures vary from –25 to –10°C; summer means are between 6.5 and 10°C. The protection of traditional knowledge and resources is an important way for the Migmag to protect their culture. In terms of a natural resource –based economy, forest industries represent a major economic component of this ecozone, together with fisheries (mostly lobster, finfish and aquaculture) and local mining. Mineral resources and hydroelectric power generation are the main economic activities. Acadian Forest assemblages were the pre –European settlement vegetation in most of Prince Edward Island, southeastern New Brunswick and sheltered areas of mainland Nova Scotia. FIGURE 3e) Taiga Forest ecozone - aapa (ribbon fen) and black spruce assemblage, west of Pinus River, Labrador. Inland is a steep escarpment 120 to 150 m high. Coastal locations are influenced by the Labrador Current, and have cooler summer conditions. In the east the cold Labrador Current meets the Gulf Stream along the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, cooling the air and causing frequent fog. FIGURE 3h) Arctic Cordilleran ecozone - glacial cirques, Torngat Mountains, Labrador. Relief is generally less than 200 m. The coastline is ragged, marked by deep indentations, cliffed headlands and numerous islands and skerries. The total population of the four Atlantic Provinces was 2.34 million in 2005 (Statistics Canada, 2005a, b), virtually unchanged from 2004. In contrast, the Mealy Mountains have rugged terrain. Mean summer temperatures vary regionally between 13 and 15.5 °C. Access to marine transportation has helped this region contribute to Canada’s trade balance.With future climate change, this heavy reliance on marine and coastal systems and communities may increase vulnerability, especially if transportation and infrastructure are disrupted by storm events. The workers with better skills can get new jobs, mostly in services and entrepreneurship. Cape Breton Island has irregular hills, steep escarpments and flat-topped to rolling plateaus, dissected by short steep streams with numerous cataracts and waterfalls. Seal, salmon, caribou, rabbit, partridge, ducks, berries and other foods offered by the land and sea all form part of the diet of Aboriginal communities (Degnen, 1996; Hanrahan, 2000). The Atlantic Canada climate change hub will be similar to ones already operating in British Columbia and Quebec. Canada's fisheries minister says the impacts of climate change are a fact of life that will have to be factored in the management of Canada's multi-billion dollar seafood industry. Move some or all of the existing infrastructure currently located near marshes farther inland. This region features one of the most rugged and most variable climates anywhere in the country. Designed economic and statistical models describe relationship between economic performance measure, which is regional value added, and two sets of control variables: economic and climate. for Lennox Island, PE, the median total income for persons 15 and over was $12 272 in 2001, compared with a provincial average of $18 880; Statistics Canada, 2001b). Description et répartition. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Atlantic Canada. Both rural and urban economies are sensitive to changes in the global market. Maintain the status quo (i.e. (2001) methodology, and based on the reconstruction of the model of the storm-surge events of January 21, 2000. Like the weather, it varies from place to place — from a coastal town worried about erosion and storm damage, to a church minister grappling with a transportation dilemma. The topography causes storm systems to diverge, either along the west coast or across the Burin and Avalon peninsulas. Changes in the availability of country food could jeopardize this process of cultural continuance. Westerly winds, blowing from the sea to the land, are the prevailing air currents in the Pacific and bring coastal British Columbia heavy precipitation and moderate winter and summer temperatures. During the summer, however, the parts of Canada farthest from open water are the warmest. Due to the nearby presence of a large body of water, the ecozone experiences a maritime climate. Thus, west-coast Vancouver has an average January temperature of 37 °F (3 °C) and an average July temperature of 64 °F (18 °C), while in Regina, Saskatchewan, on the interior plains, average temperatures vary from −1 to 67 °F (−18 to 19 °C). This ecozone is mostly forested, with black and white spruce, balsam fir, larch (tamarack), white birch and aspen poplar being the dominant species. Protect zones for the future, rehabilitate marshes that were destroyed and protect remnants of marshes. Atlantic Canada is also experiencing difficulties due to climate change, particularly those within the fishing industry. The ecological diversity of Atlantic Canada is demonstrated by the number of terrestrial ecozones (Figure 2; Environment Canada, 2005b) and ecoregions (Sabine and Morrison, 2002). Of the three Maritime Provinces, New Brunswick is the largest and Prince Edward Island the smallest. Call for proposals: new regional climate service organization for Atlantic Canada. Dive into a journey of discovery across Atlantic Canada taking in food, festivals, fascinating history and fabulous wild nature along the way. Come for a day trip, or take a look at our itineraries and book a vacation to remember. For example, Mukushan, a communal meal celebrated by Innu after a successful caribou hunt to honour the spirit of the caribou, is an important part of Innu culture. Traditional knowledge is maintained by participating in such activities and by passing the knowledge on to younger generations. With the exceptions of Churchill Falls, Labrador City and Wabush, NL, no community is more than 200 km from the nearest marine shoreline. Results show that, even under the most optimistic scenario, the flood line reached the forest, flooding all the salt marshes. While Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick experienced a decline in population, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia showed an increase in population during the same period (Table 1). In the interior plains and the North (Arctic and subarctic), precipitation is seldom more than 15 inches (400 mm) per year; it drops to as low as 2 inches (50 mm) at Eureka on Ellesmere Island. The area was once covered with lakes, which left … Although forestry is important in some parts of this ecozone, fisheries and mineral exploration are the main components of the resource-based economy. Sea-level rise, combined with geologic sinking in the Atlantic region, is of particular concern. A survey of traditional plants was completed in collaboration with the Elsipogtog Community to understand the potential impacts of climate change on their traditional resources. Plant sweetgrass in areas that are suitable for growth. Changes in climate and habitats that may alter the quality and quantity of these resources pose further problems. The western coast is a region of rugged topography, grading eastwards into rolling plateaus. Relief exceeds 800 m. A narrow costal plain discontinuously borders the western margin of the island. Of the twenty regional economic zones throughout Newfoundland and Labrador, only five are projected to have population increases between 2006 and 2019 (Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Finance, 2007). Spring and summer are cool. Average Daily Maximum – Minimum – Sunshine – Raindays – Snowdays – Snowdepth – Windspeed . The prevailing westerly winds bring dry air from northern Quebec, producing cold dry winters with calm days and minimal humidity in interior locations. Trailer for the upcoming feature film Climate Change in Atlantic Canada by Ian Mauro Historically, Aboriginal people did not build permanent housing along the coast, as this habitat is very fragile and sensitive to human influence. Climate regions range from cool humid-continental through subarctic to arctic tundra, with the influence of the warm Gulf Stream in the south giving way to that of the cold Labrador Current in the north. Modern settled communities, however, are vulnerable to loss of coastal land (see Box 1). Atlantic Canada communities are already experiencing the effects of climate change and this will intensify in the future. Simultaneously, the resource-based rural and smaller communities are facing international competition, particularly in fish processing and paper manufacturing, as well as domestic competition, predominantly with potatoes and other agricultural products. The Nova Scotia coast of the Bay of Fundy has steep cliffs flanking the shoreline. Nova Scotia is constantly influenced by the ocean, but coastal regions of the province still have cooler springs and summers and milder winters than interior sites. The challenges vary but the determination to find solutions does not. Lichens and shrubs grow in areas of exposed bedrock. Under the current conditions, moving structures from the coast would require the community to acquire new lands farther inland, as the current reserve is a very narrow strip along the coast. Any acquisition of land would mean changes in the planning and land development of the adjacent communities, such as Richibucto. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −81 °F (−63 °C) at Snag, Yukon, in 1947. For enquiries, contact us. let everything stay as is and nature will take its course). The snow is hard and dry, falls in small amounts, and is packed down by the constant wind. The Atlantic Climate Adaptation Solutions (ACASA) Project is a partnership among the provincial governments of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick, and regional stakeholders including nonprofits, tribal governments, and industry. Atlantic Canada includes the provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (Figure 1a, b). Rolling to rugged uplands, with much terrain more than 200 m above sea level, characterizes western New Brunswick, the margins of the Bay of Fundy and most of Nova Scotia. The northern two-thirds of the country has a climate similar to that of northern Scandinavia, with very cold winters and short, cool summers. Le climat devient de plus en plus rude à partir du 50 e parallèle, ce qui explique le fait que le Canada est un pays peu peuplé (en moyenne 3 habitants par kilomètre carré [3]).. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 400 to 700 mm, with higher values in central areas of high elevation. The Gulf of St. Lawrence coast of New Brunswick forms a plain that slopes gently eastward, with long shallow embayments and salt marshes. Learn more about how we’re working hard to fight climate change and discover how you can become a ‘citizen scientist’ and help protect biodiversity. Prince Edward Island receives the strongest maritime influence of the three provinces, and has mild winters, late cool springs and moderate windy summers. The New Brunswick climate varies with distance from the Gulf of St. Lawrence coastline, as both moist Atlantic air from the Bay of Fundy and humid winds blowing from the New England and Great Lakes –St. The Atlantic Maritime ecozone consists of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and the Gaspé region of Quebec (Figure 3a, b). The cold air from the Arctic that sweeps… more. FIGURE 3a) Atlantic Maritime ecozone - mixed deciduous-coniferous forest, Cape Breton Highlands National Park, NS.
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